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Sakharov Prize

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For other uses, see Sakharov Prize (disambiguation).
Presentation of the Sakharov Prize to Aung San Suu Kyi by Martin Schultz at the European Parliament in Strasbourg on October 22, 2013.

The Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, commonly known as the Sakharov Prize, is an honorary award for individuals or groups who have dedicated their lives to the defence of human rights and freedom of thought.[1] Named after Russian scientist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, the prize was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament.

A shortlist of nominees is drawn up annually by the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Development. The MEPs who make up those committees then select a shortlist in September.[2] Thereafter, the final choice is given to The European Parliament's Conference of Presidents (President and political group's leaders) and the laureate's name is announced late in October. The prize is awarded in a ceremony at the Parliament's Strasbourg hemicycle (round chamber) in December.[3][2] The prize includes a monetary award of €50,000.[3]

The first prize was awarded jointly to South African Nelson Mandela and Russian Anatoly Marchenko. The 1990 award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi, but she could not receive it until 2013 as a result of her political imprisonment in Burma.[4] The prize has also been awarded to organisations, the first being the Argentine Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in 1992. Five Sakharov laureates were subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize: Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, Malala Yousafzai, Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad.[5]

Razan Zaitouneh (2011) was kidnapped in 2013 and is still missing.[6] Nasrin Sotoudeh (2012) was released from prison in September 2013,[7] but is still barred from leaving Iran, along with fellow 2012 laureate Jafar Panahi.[8] The 2017 prize was awarded to the Democratic Opposition in Venezuela, under boycott of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left.[9][10]

Laureates and nominees

[edit]
Year Award Nominees Country/
Headquarters 		Nominators
1988 Laureate Nelson Mandela (1918–2013)
Anatoly Marchenko (1938–1986) 		 South Africa
 Soviet Union
1989 Alexander Dubček (1921–1992)  Czechoslovakia
1990 Aung San Suu Kyi (born 1945)[a]  Myanmar
1991 Adem Demaçi (1936–2016)  Yugoslavia
1992 Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (founded in 1977)  Argentina
1993 Oslobođenje (founded in 1943)  Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1994 Taslima Nasrin (born 1962)  Bangladesh
1995 Leyla Zana (born 1961)  Türkiye
1996 Wei Jingsheng (born 1950)  China
1997 Salima Ghezali (born 1958)  Algeria
1998 Ibrahim Rugova (1944–2006)  Yugoslavia
1999 Xanana Gusmão (born 1946)  East Timor
2000 ¡Basta Ya! (founded in 1994)  Spain Gerardo Galeote Quecedo and other MEPs
2001 Nurit Peled-Elhanan (born 1949)
Izzat Ghazzawi (1951–2003)
Zacarias Kamwenho (born 1934) 		 Israel
 Palestine
 Angola
2002 Oswaldo Payá (1952–2012)  Cuba
2003 Kofi Annan (1938–2018)
United Nations (founded in 1945) 		 Ghana
 United Nations
2004 Belarusian Association of Journalists (founded in 1995)  Belarus
2005 Laureate Ladies in White (born 2003)  Cuba Gerardo Galeote Quecedo and other MEPs
Reporters Without Borders (founded in 1989)  France Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Hauwa Ibrahim (founded in 1989)  Nigeria Party of European Socialists
Longlists[14]
Yang Zili (born 1971)
Mojtaba Saminejad (born 1980)
Zouhair Yahyaoui (1967–2005) 		 China
 Iran
 Tunisia 		Greens–European Free Alliance
Mukhtar Mai (born 1972)  Pakistan The Left in the European Parliament
Alexander Esenin-Volpin (1924–2016)
Sergei Kovalev (1930–2021) 		 Russia Independence/Democracy
Mudawi Ibrahim Adam (born 1956)  Sudan Simon Coveney and other MEPs
Daniel Barenboim (born 1942)
West–Eastern Divan Orchestra (founded in 199) 		 Germany
 Spain 		Erna Hennicot-Schoepges and other MEPs
Aminatou Haidar (born 1966)  Western Sahara Karin Scheele and other MEPs
2006 Laureate Alaksandar Milinkievič (born 1947)  Belarus Union for Europe of the Nations
and European People's Party
Finalists[15]
The Colombians fighting for kidnapped hostages  Colombia Greens–European Free Alliance
Ghassan Tueni (1926–2012)  Lebanon The Left in the European Parliament
and Party of European Socialists
Longlists[15]
Íngrid Betancourt (born 1961)  Colombia Marie-Arlette Carlotti and other MEPs
Fulda-Moscho-Project (founded in 2002)
Muthgard Hinkelmann-Toewe (born 1940) 		 Germany
 Kenya 		Alexander Nuno Alvaro and other MEPs
Vladimir Kozlov (born 1960)  Kazakhstan Toomas Hendrik Ilves and other MEPs
Erwin Kräutler (born 1939)  Austria Herbert Bösch (born 1954) and other MEPs
Somaly Mam (born 1970)  Cambodia Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Mesfin Woldemariam (1930–2020)  Ethiopia Ana Maria Gomes and other MEPs
Women in Black (founded in 1991)  Serbia Jelko Kacin and other MEPs
2007 Laureate Salih Mahmoud Osman (born 1957)  Sudan Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
and Josep Borrell and 181 other MEPs
Finalists
Anna Politkovskaya (1958–2006)  Russia European People's Party
Hu Jia (born 1973)
Zeng Jinyan (born 1983) 		 China Greens–European Free Alliance
Longlists[16]
Patriarch Bartholomew I (born 1940)[b]  Türkiye Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty
Malalai Joya (born 1978)  Afghanistan The Left in the European Parliament
2008 Laureate Hu Jia (born 1973)  China Greens–European Free Alliance
Finalists
Dalai Lama (born 1935)  China
Íngrid Betancourt (born 1961)  Colombia
Longlists
Morgan Tsvangirai (1958–2018)  Zimbabwe
Alyaksandr Kazulin (born 1955)  Belarus
European Roma Rights Centre (founded in 1996)  Hungary
Mikhail Trepashkin (born 1957)  Belarus
Apollinaire Malu Malu (1961–2016)  Democratic Republic of Congo
2009 Laureate Memorial (founded in 1989) and
human rights defenders in Russia:
  Russia Greens–European Free Alliance and
Jacek Saryusz-Wolski and 59 other MEPs
Finalists[17]
Izzeldin Abuelaish (born 1955)  Palestine Véronique De Keyser and 54 other MEPs
Dawit Isaak (born 1964)  Eritrea
 Sweden 		The Left in the European Parliament
and Olle Schmidt and 31 other MEPs
Longlists[18]
Fundación Vicente Ferrer (founded in 1996)  Spain Juan Andrés Perelló and 39 other MEPs
Mariam Lamizana (born 1951)  Burkina Faso Europe of Freedom and Democracy
Denis Mukwege (born 1955)  D. R. of Congo Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Thadeus Nguyễn Văn Lý (born 1946)  Vietnam Michael Gahler and 44 other MEPs
Shadi Sadr (born 1974)
Neda Agha-Soltan (1983–2009)
Iranian citizens and activists 		 Iran Marietje Schaake and 39 other MEPs
Roberto Saviano (born 1979)  Italy Sonia Alfano and 39 other MEPs
2010 Laureate Guillermo Fariñas (born 1962)  Cuba European Conservatives and Reformists Group,
European People's Party, and
Edvard Kožušník and 91 other MEPs
Finalists[19]
Breaking the Silence (founded in 2004)  Israel The Left in the European Parliament
and Greens–European Free Alliance
Birtukan Mideksa (born 1974)  Ethiopia Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Longlists[20]
"Access" (founded in ?) Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Haitham al-Maleh (born 1931)  Syria Heidi Hautala and 44 other MEPs
Aminatou Haidar (born 1966)  Western Sahara Norbert Neuser and 42 other MEPs
Dawit Isaak (born 1964)  Eritrea
 Sweden 		Olle Schmidt and 40 other MEPs
Thadeus Nguyễn Văn Lý (born 1946)  Vietnam European Conservatives and Reformists Group
Open Doors (founded in 1955)  Netherlands
2011 Laureate Five Arab spring activists:
  Egypt
 Libya
 Syria
 Tunisia 		The Left in the European Parliament
Finalists
Dzmitry Bandarenka (born 1963)  Belarus
San José de Apartadó Peace Community
(founded in 1997) 		 Colombia
Longlists[21] Izzeldin Abuelaish (born 1955)  Palestine
Boris Pahor (1933–2022)  Slovenia
2012 Laureate Nasrin Sotoudeh (born 1963)
Jafar Panahi (born 1960) 		 Iran
Finalists
Ales Bialatski (born 1962)  Belarus
Pussy Riot (founded in 2011)  Russia
Longlists[22]
Rwanda political prisoners represented by:
  Rwanda
Joseph Francis (born ?)  Pakistan
2013 Laureate Malala Yousafzai (born 1997)  Pakistan Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats,
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe,
European Conservatives and Reformists Group,
and European People's Party
Finalists[23]
Belarusian political prisoners represented by:
  Belarus Marek Migalski and 41 other MEPs
Edward Snowden (born 1983)  United States
 Russia 		The Left in the European Parliament
and Greens–European Free Alliance
Longlists[24]
Reeyot Alemu (born 1980)
Eskinder Nega (born 1969) 		 Ethiopia Ana Maria Gomes and 40 other MEPs
Mikhail Khodorkovsky (born 1963)  Russia Werner Schulz and 40 other MEPs
"Standing Man" protesters  Türkiye Marietje Schaake and 40 other MEPs
CNN Freedom Project (founded in 2011)  United States Boris Zala and 40 other MEPs
2014 Laureate Denis Mukwege (born 1955)  D. R. of Congo Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Finalists
Leyla Yunus (born 1955)  Azerbaijan Greens–European Free Alliance
EuroMaiden represented by:
  Ukraine Jacek Saryusz-Wolski and 52 other MEPs
Longlists[25]
Mahmoud Al 'Asali (?–2014)
Louis Raphaël I Sako (born 1948) 		 Iraq European Conservatives and Reformists Group
Anna Záborská and 66 other MEPs
Organisations for the protection of Christian
minorities:
  Netherlands
 Belgium
 Germany 		Philippe Juvin and 60 other MEPs
Ayaan Hirsi Ali (born 1969)  Somalia
 United States 		Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
2015 Laureate Raif Badawi (born 1984)  Saudi Arabia Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats,
European Conservatives and Reformists Group,
and Greens–European Free Alliance
Finalists[26]
Boris Nemtsov (1959–2015)  Russia Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Venezuelan opposition and political prisoners  Venezuela European People's Party
Longlist[27]
Edna Adan Ismail (born 1937)  Somalia Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
Nadiya Savchenko (born 1981)  Ukraine European Conservatives and Reformists Group
Edward Snowden (born 1983)
Antoine Deltour (born 1985)
Stéphanie Gibaud (born 1965) 		 United States
 Russia
 France 		The Left in the European Parliament
2016 Laureate Nadia Murad (born 1993)
Lamiya Haji Bashar (born 1998) 		 Iraq Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Finalists[28]
Can Dündar (born 1961)  Türkiye Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy,
The Left in the European Parliament,
and Greens–European Free Alliance
Mustafa Dzhemilev (born 1943)  Ukraine European Conservatives and Reformists Group
and European People's Party Group
Longlists[29]
Ilham Tohti (born 1969)  China Ilhan Kyuchyuk and 42 other MEPs
2017 Laureate Democratic opposition in Venezuela represented by
National Assembly and all political prisoners:
  Venezuela Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
and European People's Party
Finalists
Aura Lolita Chavez Ixcaquic (born 1972)  Guatemala Greens–European Free Alliance
Dawit Isaak (born 1964)  Eritrea
 Sweden 		Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Cecilia Wikström and 46 other MEPs
Longlists[30]
Asia Bibi (born 1971)  Pakistan European Conservatives and Reformists Group
Selahattin Demirtaş (born 1973)
Figen Yüksekdağ (born 1971) 		 Türkiye The Left in the European Parliament
Pierre Claver Mbonimpa (born 1950)  Burundi Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
2018 Laureate Oleg Sentsov (born 1976)  Ukraine European People's Party
Finalists[31]
Nasser Zefzafi (born 1979)  Morocco The Left in the European Parliament
NGOs protecting human rights and saving migrant
lives across the Mediterranean Sea:
  Germany
 France
 Malta
 Netherlands
 Spain
 United Kingdom 		Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
and Greens–European Free Alliance
Longlists[32]
Seyran Ateş (born 1963)  Germany European Conservatives and Reformists Group
"Caesar", Syrian military photographer (born ?)  Syria Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Dewayne "Lee" Johnson (born 1972)  United States Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
AfriForum (founded in 2006)  South Africa Europe of Nations and Freedom
Mary Wagner (born 1974)  Canada Marek Jurek and 41 other MEPs
2019 Laureate Ilham Tohti (born 1969)  China Renew Europe
Finalists[33]
Marielle Franco (1979–2018)
Claudelice Silva dos Santos (born 1982)
Raoni Metuktire (born 1932) 		 Brazil Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
and The Left in the European Parliament
The Restorers (founded in 2017)  Kenya European Conservatives and Reformists Group
Longlist[34]
Jean Wyllys (born 1974)
(nominated jointly with M. Franco) 		 Brazil Greens–European Free Alliance
Alexei Navalny (1976–2024)  Russia European People's Party
2020[c] Laureate Democratic opposition in Belarus represented by
Coordination Council members:
  Belarus European Conservatives and Reformists Group,
Renew Europe, European People's Party and
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Finalists[36]
Berta Cáceres (1971–2016)
Guapinol environmental activists:
  • Porfirio Sorto Cedillo (born 1974)
  • José Avelino Cedillo (born ?)
  • Orbin Naún Hernández (born ?)
  • Kevin Alejandro Romero (born ?)
  • Arnold Javier Aleman (born ?)
  • Ever Alexander Cedillo (born 1991)
  • Daniel Marquez (born ?)
  • Jeremías Martínez Díaz (born ?)
  Honduras Greens–European Free Alliance and
The Left in the European Parliament
Najib Mikhael Moussa (born 1955)  Iraq Identity and Democracy
Longlists[37]
Polish LGBTI activists:
  • Jakub Gawron (born ?)
  • Paulina Pająk (born 1992)
  • Paweł Preneta (born 1980)
  • Kamil Maczuga (born 1993)
  Poland Malin Björk and 42 other MEPs
2021 Laureate Alexei Navalny (1976–2024)  Russia European People's Party and Renew Europe
Finalists[38]
Jeanine Áñez (born 1967)  Bolivia European Conservatives and Reformists Group
Afghan women and human rights activists:
  Afghanistan Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
and Greens–European Free Alliance
Longlist[39]
Sultana Khaya (born 1980)  Western Sahara The Left in the European Parliament
Global Witness (founded in 1993)  United Kingdom Marie Toussaint and other 42 MEPs
2022 Laureate The Ukrainian people represented by:
 Ukraine Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats,
European Conservatives and Reformists Group
European People's Party Group, and
Renew Europe
Finalists[40]
Julian Assange (born 1971)  Australia Sabrina Pignedoli and 40 other MEPs
Colombia Truth Commission (founded in 2016)  Colombia The Left in the European Parliament
Longlists[41]
Sônia Guajajara (born 1974)  Brazil Greens–European Free Alliance
Shireen Abu Akleh (1971–2022)  Palestine Grace O'Sullivan and 42 other MEPs
2023 Laureate Mahsa Jina Amini (1999–2022) and
Woman, Life, Freedom movement (founded in 2022)
Women in Iran 		 Iran European People's Party, Renew Europe, and
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Finalists[42]
Vilma Núñez (born 1938)
Rolando José Álvarez (born 1966) 		 Nicaragua Tilly Metz (born 1967) and 42 other MEPs
Women fighting for free, safe and legal abortion:
  Poland
 El Salvador
 United States 		The Left in the European Parliament
Longlist[43]
Vanessa Nakate (born 1996)  Uganda Greens–European Free Alliance
Elon Musk (born 1971)  United States Identity and Democracy
Afghan education activists:
  • Marzia Amiri (born ?)
  • Parasto Hakim (born ?)
  • Matiullah Wesa (born 1992–3)
  Afghanistan Petras Auštrevičius and 58 other MEPs
Pro-European people of Georgia
Nino Lomjaria (born1984) 		 Georgia European Conservatives and Reformists Group
2024 Laureate María Corina Machado (born 1967)
Edmundo González (born 1949) 		 Venezuela European Conservatives and Reformists Group
and European People's Party Group
Finalists[44]
Gubad Ibadoghlu (born 1971)  Azerbaijan Greens–European Free Alliance
Women Wage Peace (founded in 2014)
Women of the Sun (founded in 2021) 		 Israel
 Palestine 		Renew Europe
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Longlist[45]
Elon Musk (born 1971)  United States Europe of Sovereign Nations Group
and Patriots for Europe
Palestinian journalists in the Gaza Strip:
  Palestine The Left in the European Parliament
2025 to be announced on September 2025

Table notes

[edit]
  1. ^ At the time she received the award, Suu Kyi was an opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy, known for her peaceful struggle against military rule in Myanmar. She personally accepted the award in 2013, after she was released from 15 years of house arrest. In 2020, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament formally suspended Suu Kyi from the Sakharov Prize Community due to her role in the atrocities against the Rohingya people, but did not revoke the prize itself.[11][12][13]
  2. ^ Bartholomew I's nomination was subsequently removed from the list after the Patriarch told the Parliament he would not accept it.[16]
  3. ^ Due to infection control measures taken because of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of events related to the Sakharov Community were postponed in 2020, including the Sakharov Fellowship, One World in Brussels and the European Youth Event.[35]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "1986: Sakharov comes in from the cold". BBC News. 23 December 1986. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Sakharov Prize 2018: three finalists selected", News—European Parliament, 10 September 2018 Archived 10 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ a b "Sakharov Prize". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  4. ^ Cook, Annabel (22 October 2013). "Aung San Suu Kyi collects Sakharov prize 23 years on". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  5. ^ Boshnaq, Mona; Chan, Sewell; Dremeaux, Lillie; Karasz, Palko; Kruhly, Madeleine (6 October 2017). "Nobel Peace Prize Winners Throughout History". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017.
  6. ^ "Razan Zaitouneh". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  7. ^ "Nasrin Sotoudeh". European Parliament. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  8. ^ "Jafar Panahi". Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  9. ^ Schreuer, Milan (26 October 2017). "Venezuelan Opposition Receives E.U.'s Sakharov Freedom Prize". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  10. ^ "Left to boycott politicised Sakharov Prize ceremony – GUE/NGL – Another Europe is possible". www.guengl.eu. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  11. ^ Merlin Sugue, EU Parliament suspends Aung San Suu Kyi from Sakharov Prize Community Archived 9 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Politico (10 September 2020).
  12. ^ Press release, Aung San Suu Kyi suspended from the Sakharov Prize Community Archived 18 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, European Parliament (10 September 2020).
  13. ^ Myanmar's Aung San Suu Kyi suspended from rights prize community Archived 9 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Deutsche Welle (10 September 2020).
  14. ^ "Nominees for the 2005 Sakharov prize" (PDF). europarl.europa.eu. December 2005. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  15. ^ a b "2006 Sakharov Prize – supporting Freedom of Thought around the world" (PDF). europarl.europa.eu. December 2006. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  16. ^ a b "2007 Sakharov Prize for Freedom and Thought" (PDF). europarl.europa.eu. September 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2009: MEPs decide on shortlist of three". EU Monitor. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  18. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2009: names of ten candidates unveiled" (PDF). europarl.europa.eu. September 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  19. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2010: three finalists". europarl.europa.eu. 18 October 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  20. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2010 - 9 nominations". europarl.europa.eu. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  21. ^ "Five nomination for the 2011 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought". Euroalert. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  22. ^ "Nominations for 2012 Sakharov Prize for freedom of thought presented by MEPs". europarl.europa.eu. 25 September 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  23. ^ "2013 Sakharov Prize finalists announced". europarl.europa.eu. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  24. ^ "2013 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought - seven nominations". europarl.europa.eu. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  25. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2014: Meet the nominees". europarl.europa.eu. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  26. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2015 finalists announced". europarl.europa.eu. 15 October 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  27. ^ "Sakharov Prize: the nominations for 2015 presented". europarl.europa.eu. 10 September 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  28. ^ "Discover the Finalists for the Sakharov Prize 2016". Civil Liberties Union for Europe. 11 October 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  29. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2016: MEPs present their nominations". europarl.europa.eu. 15 September 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  30. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2017: discover the nominees". europarl.europa.eu. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  31. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2018: the finalists". europarl.europa.eu. 9 October 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  32. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2018: discover the nominees". europarl.europa.eu. 27 October 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  33. ^ "Vote on a shortlist of 3 candidates for the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought 2019". europarl.europa.eu. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  34. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2019: the nominees". europarl.europa.eu. 19 September 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  35. ^ "Sakharov Prize Community Newsletter No. 3" (PDF). European Parliament. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  36. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2020: MEPs select the finalists". europarl.europa.eu. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  37. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2020: the nominees". europarl.europa.eu. 17 September 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  38. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2021: introducing the finalists". europarl.europa.eu. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  39. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2021: the nominees". europarl.europa.eu. 27 September 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  40. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2022: the finalists". europarl.europa.eu. 13 October 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  41. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2022: the nominees". europarl.europa.eu. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  42. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2023: the finalists". europarl.europa.eu. 12 October 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  43. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2023: the nominees". europarl.europa.eu. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  44. ^ "2024 Sakharov Prize finalists shortlisted by MEPs". europarl.europa.eu. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  45. ^ "Sakharov Prize 2024: presentation of candidates". europarl.europa.eu. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
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